Paths of Glory an Example by

Paths of Glory The irony behind Lt. Rogets choosing of Cpl. Paris to be charged with cowardice in the face of the enemy, is that based on the conflict between these two characters, it would show that Lt. Roget is the one who had always displayed cowardice in dangerous times. In the scene where their group infiltrated enemy lines, Lt. Roget, in his seeming panic, had hurled the grenade virtually at an empty target, resulting in the death of their comrade. Need essay sample on "Paths of Glory" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It was ironic for General Broulard to seek punishment for General Mireau for ordering his men to fire at his own troops because he himself, in a figurative way, has been practicing the same principles. The only difference is that Gen. Broulard does this in a manipulative manner to further enhance his Military career, as was evidenced in the scene where he had offered Gen. Mireaus position to Colonel Dax. Private Arnauds death was especially ironic because, as he had stated while in a conversation in the barracks, Im not afraid of dying tomorrow, only of getting killed (Kubrick, S.). It was also ironic to note that at the time of this statement, he had no inkling that it was to be the very army that he had served who would eventually kill him. Other ironies employed by the director include the serving of a sumptuous last meal to the would-be executed. It was ironic that the food was from Gen. Mireau himself, who had masterminded the mock trial. Another is the attempt to bring Pvt. Arnaud to full health due to his fractured skull, only to be executed by firing squad in the next morning. Yet another enjoyable irony in the film is when Colonel Dax forced the coward Lt. Roget in heading the execution of Cpl. Paris, whom he had despised even before the war, and whom he is obviously petrified with. Perhaps Director Kubrick had employed ironies on a war movie to lessen the impact of brutality, and add humor to the film-an unusual yet effective and clever way of presenting a war movie. This deliberate attempt was also emphasized by not showing the enemy forces in the entire of the film, and the appearance of the only Germana nervous lady singer. Reference Harris, J. (Producer), & Kubrick, S. (Director). (1957). Paths of Glory. [Motion Picture]. United States: MGM.

Little Red Riding transl. span essays

Little Red Riding transl. span essays A little girl lived with her mother in a small house near a great forest. The girl had neither father nor grandparents. She had a grandmother who was a widow also. Her grandmother lived in a small house on the other side of the forest. As the girl had the custom to use a red pointed hood, everybody called Little Red Riding Hood. - Daughter, your grandmother is ill. You want to take a candy basket to her? - Yes, of course, Mommy- responded Little Red Riding Hood, like she was a very amiable and likeable girl. - Good, here is the basket full of candy said the mother.- As you know, in order to arrive at the house of your grandma, you must cross the forest. In the forest there are wolves. Do not delay, and if a wolf approaches you, call to one of the numerous woodcutters who work in the forest. - I will travel with care, Mommy. I will arrive safely at grandmas house responded Little Red Riding Hood. Then the girl put the candy basket in an arm and soon she had entered the forest. Neglecting the wise advice of her mother of not delaying in the forest, Little Riding Hood was taking flowers and putting them in the basket. Suddenly a great wolf appeared, ferocious, and hungry. The favorite food of this wolf was the meat of little girls, but as it was scared of the woodcutters who worked near there, it resolved to obtain its favorite food with ma - Good morning, Little Riding Hood. Where are you going with that basket full of candies and flowers? Although the girl, since we have seen, was amiable and likeable, she had the great defect of being something disobedient and stupid. She had already disobeyed her mother when delaying in the forest to take flowers. And now she demonstrated her stupidity in answering the wolf instead of calling to the woodcutters. She said: ...

Financial Markets and Institutions, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Markets and Institutions, - Essay Example The impact of the United States to the world economy is connected to the activities happening in the NYSE (Harrison, 2011). Leading US companies have already participated in buying and selling of the shares of stocks in the NYSE. Since NYSE has been successful in trading these financial assets, its operations have expanded that now involve successful foreign companies (Kim, 2004, p. 61). The success of NYSE is crucial to the US economy because the companies listed in this financial market contribute to the nation’s economic growth. The NYSE serves as a mirror of America’s economic stability that if impeded will also have an impact to the global economy. The US economy has an effect on the global economy because the country has been active in having trade ties with other nations. If the US economy will stumble, then it can also be felt in other nations where foreign companies listed in the NYSE are headquartered. When a borrower obtains a loan from a lender, interests are added to the original amount borrowed. Interest rates have to be paid to compensate the lender, since they have given the borrower the opportunity to get the money without having to wait for a couple of days, months, or years of saving it (Heakal, 2009). There are factors that affect the determination of interest rates, and these include inflation, government, and supply and demand. When speaking of supply and demand, this would imply that if the demand for credit rises, interest rates will also increase, but if it decreases, interest rates will decrease, as well. Supply and demand have influenced interest rates in today’s economic climate. Because most people nowadays are into banking transactions, (e.g. when they open accounts in banks), money is being lent to those banks that in turn will be used by the bank for business or as an investment. Hence, the money deposited to the bank by the customer becomes the source of

Introduction; Vision, Mission, and Stakeholders Case Study

Introduction; Vision, Mission, and Stakeholders - Case Study Example A few years later Shultz bought the founders out and in 1992, Starbucks had grown to 150 stores across the Northwest and Midwest. Shultz took the company public raising over 25 million dollars. Starbucks' success was built on two things - the store experience (Starbucks' image) and the quality f its product. It really is a better cup f coffee the first one is so sacred that on Starbucks employees initiative the chain even prohibited smoking in its stores in Vienna, where cigarettes and coffee are inseparable, because Starbucks doesn't want anything to interfere with the seductive scent f fresh-brewed espresso. That's why top-management f Starbucks deeply believed that employees make the store that they work in. A Starbucks employee needed to be very knowledgeable, communicative, and helpful to the customers. Customers need to know the difference in the new roasted coffee Starbucks will offer. Well-educated employees will surely handle this requirement. Starbucks need to use powerful cultural motivations to drive the identification f opportunities. (Rae 2006) In Starbucks all employees are called "partners," signaling a level f responsibility maintained by few companies with sales in the billions f dollars. Anyone who has an idea uses a one-page form to pass it to the senior executive team--and gets a response. When the company pursues an idea, its author, regardless f tenure or title, is typically invited to join the launch team as a full-time member. New-style marketing organizations, by contrast, hire marketers not for jobs but for two broad kinds f roles: those f integrators and specialists. If communications are to be used effectively then there is a need to communicate aspects f the direction in which the organization intends moving and how it intends to achieve this. In other words, the business philosophy and its aims and objectives, often expressed formally through mission and vision statements, need to be communicated to particular audiences in a way that is synchronized and co-ordinated with the organization's other communication activities. In case f Starbucks mission sounds like this: "Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor f the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles as we grow". The development f the mission statement was the start f the company's marketing management initiative. Starbucks overall objective in the eye's f the leaders was defined. This mission does not want to jeopardize the quality, ambiance, or service due to expansion into a global marketplace. Besides writing a mission, Starbucks has outlined their guiding principles, which they follow in their business: 1. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity; 2. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business; 3. Apply the highest standards f excellence to the purchasing, roasting, and fresh delivery f our coffee; 4. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all f the time; 5. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment; 6. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. Starbucks chose the second one (Product Concept) and their success over the past 25 years has a lot to do with the quality f the product, which has attracted a loyal and growing following among consumers.

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations Essay

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations - Essay Example Believers of supernaturalism argue that any event that goes beyond scientific understanding does actually exist just as the same way as natural occurrences do. This view can be supported by the fact that natural phenomena such as rainbows, lightning and floods were interpreted in ancient times as having some kind of unearthly causes behind them. Another school of thought believes that each so-called supernatural phenomenon is explicable through the knowledge of science. Now the root of controversy surrounding these two conflicting beliefs lies in the fact that there is no universally accepted definition of 'natural'. We may say that any event that takes place in accordance with natural and scientific laws is natural. In other words, any natural event can be seen or perceived, and can be affirmed by a set of proved principles. Having said that, we cannot really set a parameter by which we can verify, for instance, the existence of God. Hence, the controversy remains when it comes to d raw a borderline between the supernatural and the natural. The Code of Hamurabi, laid down in the eighteenth century B. C., is a source of much historical as well as divine interpretation especially the way it is addressed to the Babylonian Gods. Elements of supernaturalism can also be traced in the Judeo-Christian tradition where the Ten Commandments enlist moral and religious duties to be followed to show obedience to the Almighty. This revered set of imperatives has been in use in many civilizations including the Roman and in the Middle-East. Egypt, the country of myths and mysteries, has innumerable supernatural elements to be explored. The Pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid, is a source of wonder for historians, scientists and archeologists alike. Many folklores and legends are associated with this gigantic and awe-inspiring construction. The preternaturalism is vividly depicted in the treatise of Herodotus: "[he] brought the country into all sorts of misery. He closed all the temple, then, not content with excluding his subjects from the practice of their religion, compelled them without exception to labor as slaves for his own advantage". (Tour Egypt, 1996) Evidences of supernaturalism are widespread in prehistoric cave paintings that have been found in many parts of Europe. Based on the timeline, these paintings are classified to three main epochs - Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Mesolithic. The literary significance of such art forms is of immense worth, considering how they have been preserving the essence of proto-European culture. The marvels of prehistoric sculpture are to be explored in the North European megaliths. Carved with symbolisms that substantiate physical and ideological beliefs surrounding the areas dwelt by the first Northern farmers, researches on the construction of megaliths have thrown light on the contemporary cultural and ritualistic landscape of the northern parts of Europe. The 'Emergence Myth' and the 'Creation Myth' carried by the Anasazi Symbolism are two of the most prominent religious structures from the New Mexico region. The 'Emergence Myth' tells about the sacred Spirits or the Kachinas, whereas the 'Creation Myth' is about the origin of the earth. (Granite School District Teacher Quality Center, 2004) The power of magic, divination and demonology was literally

Economic Rehabilitation and Modernisation in China

Economic Rehabilitation and Modernisation in China ECONOMIC REHABILITATION AND MODERNISATION PROGRAMME 1.  Post Mao Interlude (a) Fall of the Gang of Four, leadership under Deng Xiaoping restated the modernization program. (b) They also set new policies for accomplishing the Four Modernizations which was to turn the nation into a relatively advanced industrialized nation by the year 2000. The modernizations was to be in the field of industry, agriculture, science and technology, and national defence. (c) The new policies reinforced the authority of economic decision makers and managers at the expense of party officials, and called for expansion of the research and education systems . (d) Foreign trade was intended to be increased, and exchanges of foreign experts and students with developed countries was encouraged. It called for high rates of growth in both agriculture and industry. (e) The economy was reformed to a market oriented economy. 2.  Reforms in Agriculture Sector. (a) Maos policy of self-reliance was relaxed, and his motto grow grain everywhere was abandoned. (b) Communities were restructured into the responsible system wherein farmers no longer devoted maximum of their efforts in collective production but farmers were allowed to decide for themselves how and what to produce. (c) The constraints on the movements of rural populations was relaxed. Towns, villages, and groups of families referred to as rural economic unions established factories, processing units, construction teams, catering services, and other nonagricultural concerns. (d) A system of specialized households’ was made wherein free farmers markets in the urban areas and in the countryside were established. (e) Rural cadres implemented an entirely new system to motivate farmers, called ‘Baogan’ system. (f) The rural banking system (Agricultural Bank and Rural Credit Cooperatives) was restored and extended[1]. (g) However, the major change was after 1978 farm families were permitted to invest funds, and their investments in small tractors, rural industries, and housing were substantial. (h) Rural marketing system improved significantly in the post Mao period. The policy of selling the farm to local state came to an end. People had several options of selling the surpluses to local market or to state or consumed on the farm. Rural markets which were disbanded during the Cultural Revolution were reopened. 3.  Reforms in Industrial Sector. (a) The impetus to reforms were based on the framework of ‘Four Modernizations and industrial policies outlined by Deng Xiaoping. These included strengthening management and managerial rules, restoring the status of engineers and technicians, providing clear directives for realizing the eight planning targets ( output volume , product type, quality , consumption of materials and fuel, labor productivity, costs, profits and use of liquid capital) , greater regional coordination, firmer central planning and tighter control of investment policy and increased import of foreign technology[2]. (b) Emphasis on rapid industrial development was given and a group of 120 key large scale projects was central to the plan which aimed at lifting the rate of growth to the value of industrial output to 10 percent a  year and at large increases in the areas of power, fuels, raw materials and transport and communications including doubling the output of steel[3]. (c) In 1978 policy of ‘Thirty points’ was envisaged which included rules for enterprise management and post responsibility , state plans was to be fulfilled based on ‘five sixes’ ( fixed nature and scale of production, fixed personnel and organization ,fixed consumption and supply quotas, fixed capital allocation and relation of cooperation with other enterprises)[4]. (d) In 80’s the growth of mixed economy with complementarity’s between the plan and market competition was promoted[5]. (e) Mandatory planning covered sixty products such as coal, crude oil, nonferrous metals, timber, cement, basic industrial chemicals, chemical fertilizers, machines and electrical equipment, fibers, newsprint, cigarettes, and defense products. (f) Under the reforms of Guidance planning, enterprises try to meet the states planned goals but also make their own arrangements for production and sales based on the orientation of the states plan, the availability of raw and unfinished materials and energy supplies, and the demands on the market. (g) Urban, collectively owned enterprises (owned by the workers) for the most part were small units equipped with relatively little machinery. Many of these units were engaged in handicraft production or other labor-intensive activities, such as manufacturing furniture or assembling simple electrical items. (h) Rural, collectively owned industrial enterprises commonly referred to as township enterprises were the most rapidly growing portion of the industrial sector in the mid-1980s. The government regarded them as a means of expanding industrialization[6]. 4.  Development of Infrastructure. (a) China had inadequate transportation systems which hindered the movement of coal from mine to user, the transportation of agricultural and light industrial products from rural to urban areas, and the delivery of imports and exports. As a result, the underdeveloped transportation  system constrained the pace of economic development throughout the country. From 1980s onwards the updating of transportation systems was given priority[7]. (b)  Development of Railroads. (i) Priority was given to link all provinces of the country, by railroads. Many double-track lines, electrified lines, special lines, and bridges were added to the system. (ii) National highways linked provincial-level capitals with Beijing and major ports. (iii) Roads were built between large, medium, and small towns as well as between towns and railroad connections. (iv) Contract system for the management of railroad lines was introduced in China. (c)  Development of Waterways. (i) The maritime fleet made hundreds of port calls in virtually all parts of the world, but the inadequate port and harbor facilities at home still caused major problems. (ii) Port construction also was listed as a priority project in the plan. The combined accommodation capacity of ports was to be increased by 200 million tons. (d)  Development of Airways. (i) Civil aviation underwent tremendous development during the 1980s. Domestic and international air service was greatly increased. (ii) The plan also called for updating passenger and freight transportation and improving railroad, waterways, and air transportation. To achieve these goals, the government planned to increase state and local investment as well as to use private funds. 5.  Reforms in Trade Policies, Foreign Trade and Emerging New Market. (a) Abandonment of policy of ‘ Self Reliance’. Between 1975-80 China got into new trade activities, seeking to import technology, borrow money, request aid and adopt fresh methods of earning foreign exchange. (b) Policies were framed to bring in foreign technology and capital with minimum expenditure[8]. (c) To earn more foreign currency and to conserve foreign exchange reserves, foreign capital was also used to expand production of export commodities, such as textiles, and of import substitutes, such as consumer goods. (d) China has adopted a variety of measures to promote its foreign economic relations, maximizing the role of imports, exports, and foreign capital in economic development. Foreign trade organizations were reorganized, and control of imports and exports was relaxed or strengthened depending on the balance of trade and the level of foreign exchange reserves. (e) China joined a number of economic organizations, becoming a member of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). (f) Most loans went into infrastructure projects, such as energy and transportation, and funded raw materials imports. (g) Legal and institutional frameworks to facilitate foreign investment and trade also were created. Laws on taxation, joint ventures, foreign investments, and related areas were promulgated to encourage foreign investment. (h) Special economic zones were created .The special economic zones essentially were export-processing zones designed to attract foreign investment, expand exports, and import technology and expertise. (j) China took steps to decentralize its foreign trading system and integrate itself into the world trading system. In November 1991, China joined the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, which promotes free trade and cooperation in the economic, trade, investment, and technology spheres. (k) China formally joined the WTO in December 2001.On joining China agreed to lower tariffs and abolish market impediments after it joins the WTO. (l) Chinas global trade totaled 1384 billion dollars in 2005; the trade surplus stood at 60 billion dollars. Chinas primary trading partners include Japan, the EU, the United States, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. According to U.S. statistics, China had a trade surplus with the U.S. of 150 billion dollars in 2005. 6.  Foreign Investment (a) Foreign investment was stalled in 1989 in the aftermath of Tiananmen. In response, the government introduced legislation and regulations designed to encourage foreigners to invest in high-priority sectors and regions. (b) In 1990, the government eliminated time restrictions on the establishment of joint ventures and allowed foreign partners to become chairman of joint venture boards. (c) In 1991, China granted more preferential tax treatment for wholly foreign-owned businesses and contractual ventures and for foreign companies which invest in selected economic zones or in projects encouraged by the state, such as energy, communications, and transportation. (d) China revised significantly its laws on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises and China Foreign Equity Joint Ventures in 2000 and 2001, easing export performance and domestic content requirements. In 2005, China received nearly 53 billion dollars in foreign direct investment, making it the number one recipient of FDI in the world. 7. Energy and Mineral Resources. New energy policy was formalized which included development of indigenous oil and gas reserves, development of domestic oil and gas markets, diversification of energy sources, diversification of imported energy suppliers, encouragement of energy conservation and efficient energy use. (b) Reforms carried out to improve energy efficiency and promote the use of clean coal technology. Only one-fifth of the new coal power plant capacity installed from 1995 to 2000 included desulphurization equipment. (c) It has opened oil and gas industry. The offshore petroleum industry has also been developed with foreign investment. (d) Refining capacity is also being increased. Storage and pipeline facilities are being increased and new ones are being added. (e) China has developed a sound energy policy by diversifying its energy linkages and relationship through investment attraction , incentives for technology and dialogue with energy resource economy. 8.  Development of Science and Technology. (a) The Cultural Revolution had removed an entire generation from access to university and professional training, creating a gap in the age distribution of the scientific work force. (b) However since 1978 China encouraged experimentation in its science and technology system as a means of arriving at reforms. (c) In restructuring the science and technology system emphasis was placed on encouraging partnership between research, educational and designing institution on one hand and production units on the other and on strengthening the enterprises capability for technology absorption and  development .More power for decision making was granted to research institutes. (d) The long term policy of China’s science and technology development was to open to outside world and establish contact with other countries. [1] Agriculturereforms www.country-data.com [2] Jack gray and Gordon White op.cit p.91 [3] Jack gray and Gordon White op.cit p.92 [4] Jack gray and Gordon White op.cit p.95 [5] Jack gray and Gordon White op.cit p.98 [6]China’s economy www.country-data.com 1987 [7] ibid [8] Jack gray and Gordon White op.cit p.149

Relationship of Washington Square to Henry Jamess Other Novels :: Washington Square Henry James

Relationship of Washington Square to Henry James's Other Novels According to Bette Howland in "Washington Square, the Family Plot," the idea that Henry James should leave Washington Square out of his New York Edition, is "a fitting irony" in that "like Dr. Sloper in the novel, James disinherited his heroine; [and] cut her out of his will" (1). Although James might have wished us to treat Washington Square as an orphan, an outcast, a black sheep as compared with its "better" relatives, Howland's essay quite clearly establishes a familial link between this and James's other, more famous works. As Howland says, "Not only is Washington Square, though disowned, a member of the family--it is the original, the mother lode" (1). Howland begins her analysis by looking at how James took an anecdote given to him one night at a dinner party and made the "tale purely American." To Howland, the very location of Washington Square stands for James' perception of "the stifling provincial life of America" in that it is "the object of Morris' aspirations; the prison of Catherine's confinement; the seat of the Doctor's power (sic)" (16). By confining the characters to the small world of Washington Square, says Howland, James created a "closed system" in which he could work his irony most effectively (5). She also notes how James changed the simple anecdote into an ironic contest of wills. He made the father the "heavy" rather than the fortune-hunter, and he made the father a scientist, a "scholarly doctor" so that he fit in with the American values of earning an income (or seeming to), and appreciating science (Howland 3). Howland also does an apt comparison of Washington Square in relationship to James's other novels by pointing out how he frequently talked about love in terms of the financial. As Howland says, "[With James], there's never enough [love] to go around; one person's gain is always another's loss" (7), and money is quite commonly involved in the equation. In addition, James has another system of economy that is always at work in his novels. As Howland says, "at the beginning, the good heroines are all in the dark," but "by the end, they are the only ones who see" (15).

Internal vs External Change Leaders Essay

Introduction Organisation development(OD) is a planned process of change in an organisation’s culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research and theory (Warner Burke, 1982). It also refers to a long range effort to improve an organisation’s problem solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultant or change agents (Wandell French, 1969). Organisation transformation(OT) is a term referring collectively to such activities as re-engineering, redesigning and redefining business systems. It is often used when there is existing issue faced by the organisation. Organisation development is the preferred choice that an organisation wants to be in and continually improve their products and service in an incremental manner. In order to achieve OD, organisation need internal or external change agents to aid them. However, after assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the change agents (Appendix 1 & 2), Internal change agent will be better for organisation to achieve OD as compared to external change agent. Internal and External Change Leadership External change agents are consultants who are temporary employed in the organization to remain engaged only for the duration of the change process. An internal change agent is a staff person who has expertise in the behavioural sciences to help in the OD. Various reviewers of change management argue that OD applied by managers, rather than OD professionals has grown rapidly. It has been suggested that the faster pace of change affection organisation today is highlighting the centrality of the manager in the managing change. Therefore, OD must become a general management skill. Many managerial staffs in an organisation are equipped with this relevant skill. Internal Change Leadership in the Action Research Model The Action Research model focuses on planned change as a cyclical process in which initially research about the organisation provides information to guide subsequent action. The model emphasises on data gathering and diagnosis pior to action planning and implementation. The result will be carefully evaluated after action has been taken. Data gathering and preliminary diagnosis: Although Internal change agents are often limited by perceptions and position in the organization, but they have the value of in-depth knowledge of the business, the organisation and the management. This in-depth knowledge makes them particularly valuable on sensitive implementation of strategic change projects or culture transformation initiatives, managing processes or projects, and integrating or leveraging initiatives across the organisation. It can also help to reduce the time spent on data gathering as internal change agents will have intimate knowledge of the organisation and its dynamics, culture and informal practices. Being part of the organisation, internal change agents are able to interact more freely with the fellow employees. This enable the internal change agents to gather a more reliable information as compared to external change agents. Feedback to client: In this step, clients are given the information gathered by the change agent to help them determining the strengths and weakness of the organisation. Internal change agents are employees and they have a better understanding to the organisational structure. Thus, after gathering the relevant information, it will be easier for them to feedback to the client as the client need not afraid that information on the organisation’s weakness will be exposed. Internal change agents have the knowledge of the politics in the organisation, this will enable to effectively establish rapport and trust better than external change agent. Organisation may be also wary of the external change agents as the organisation may fear that confidential information will be exposed. Joint diagnosis of problem: At this point, fellow employees discuss the feedback and diagnosis with the internal change agents whether they want to work on the identified issues. Strong inter-relationship between internal change agents, the fellow employees and clients can help in the understanding of the result gathered in the earlier steps. This is important as the failure to establish a common frame of reference in this relationship will lead to faulty diagnosis or to a communication gap whereby client become unwillingly to believe the diagnosis. By using internal change agents, organisations are more likely to have the trust in the diagnosis as compare to external change agen ts because internal change agents have the more sense of ownership to the OD as compare to external change agents. Joint action planning: At this stage, further action for the OD had been decided. Internal change agents will have the advantage of getting hold of the first hand information. Any immediate follow up action can be access and rectify Action: This stage involves the actual change from one organisation state to another. It may include installing new methods and procedures, reorganising structures and work designs, and reinforcing new behaviour. This stage may also take a long period to reach the ideal outcome. Although external change agents are often viewed as professional and has more credibility, internal change agents have the advantage of the sense of ownership to the change. Internal change agents are viewed as part of the organisation and fellow employee will trust them and will result in a smoother transition period. Data gathering after action: This research action model is a cyclical process. Therefore, internal change agents can more effectively gather the output of the change result and feedback to the client. The result obtained will also most likely be more accurate and timely. This will enhance the effectiveness of the process of rectification and also to stop OD if the result obtained is deem as a failure. This will help the organisation to cut cost if the change is a failure. Circumstances whereby Internal change leadership were preferred Planned change can be contrasted across situations on 2 key dimensions, namely the magnitude of organisational change and the degree to which client system is organised. One of the planned change is magnitude of organisational change. Planned change can be either incremental or quantum. Under incremental change, OD practitioners help to solve specific problems in particulars organisational systems. Example of such problem are poor communication between inter-departments, low productivity and continuous improvement as a quality management process etc. These issues are mostly solved by internal change agents because of the nature of the problems. Most of these issues are smaller problems faced by the organisation. By hiring external change agent for these problems are too expensive and time consuming. Under the quantum change, OD practitioners help to create a vision of a desired future and energise movements in that direction. Examples of quantum change are changing an organization’s structure and culture from the traditional top-down, hierarchical structure to a large amount of self-directing teams. Another example might be Business Process Re-engineering, which tries to take apart the major parts and processes of the organization and then put them back together in a more optimal fashion. These changes are more complex. Therefore, more people are involved in the change. The advantage of using internal change agents in this scenario will be the fact internal change agents have more in-depth knowledge of the structure of the organisation. By hiring external change agent, employee may have ‘fear’ to the outcome of the change. This can affect the morale of the organisation and data obtained from employees of the organisation may be untrue. Although quantum is a complex change, a more professional change agent is needed and more professional change agents should be involved in the process. However, by having different internal change agents from department of the organisation to work together can also have the same result of hiring the external change agents as mentioned earlier that more employees are equipped with the knowledge of OD. By having internal change agents, not only they have the ownership of the change and also it is cheap for the organisation. This could be useful for some smaller organisation. The 2nd dimension of planned change is the degree of organisation of the company. The system of a company can vary between overorganised situations to under-organised manner. In an overorganised system, the structure and leadership style of the company is usually bureaucratic and rigid. Most organisation that are in such organised manner usually have conducted OD before. Thus, having internal change agents should be sufficient for the organisation. Conclusion Internal change agent are preferred to External change agent for various reasons as mentioned as above. Internal change agents are closer to the organisation and have the ownership to the change and organisation. They are most likely to understand what is require and have a clearer picture of the change. However, if the change is drastic, organisations should consider hire a small group of external change agent as consultant for the internal change agent as external change agents are more experienced in OD. Organisations should not depend only on external change agent for OD because it may expose the weakness of the organisation and endanger the competitive edge of the organisation.

Free Essays on High Tech Forensics

High- Tech Forensics High-Tech Forensics is a really big issue of today’s society. Looking to solve crimes, or at least find information using high-tech forensic work has bloomed over a vast period of time. Nearly every litigation matter now requires attorneys to conduct electronic discovery. This gives clients a unique advantage inside and outside the courtroom. Being that high-tech forensics is a combination of both forensic science and computer science, the forensic examiner is in many cases very important. The potential growth for computer forensics work has inspired many people and is very essential for businesses. Big corporations and law enforcement agencies such as FBI and big city police departments have computer forensics experts on staff. Along with the advantages of high-tech forensics comes it disadvantages. The introduction of the computer in 1981 and the resulting popularity came with a mixed blessing. Society in general benefited but at the same time so did criminals who used pers onal computers to commit crimes. Today personal computers are used in every face of society as in to send and receive messages, compute financial results, transfer funds, purchase stocks, make airline reservations, access bank accounts, and to lookup any source of worldwide information on essentially any topic, which as time has pasted have resulted in fraud and identity theft.... Free Essays on High Tech Forensics Free Essays on High Tech Forensics High- Tech Forensics High-Tech Forensics is a really big issue of today’s society. Looking to solve crimes, or at least find information using high-tech forensic work has bloomed over a vast period of time. Nearly every litigation matter now requires attorneys to conduct electronic discovery. This gives clients a unique advantage inside and outside the courtroom. Being that high-tech forensics is a combination of both forensic science and computer science, the forensic examiner is in many cases very important. The potential growth for computer forensics work has inspired many people and is very essential for businesses. Big corporations and law enforcement agencies such as FBI and big city police departments have computer forensics experts on staff. Along with the advantages of high-tech forensics comes it disadvantages. The introduction of the computer in 1981 and the resulting popularity came with a mixed blessing. Society in general benefited but at the same time so did criminals who used pers onal computers to commit crimes. Today personal computers are used in every face of society as in to send and receive messages, compute financial results, transfer funds, purchase stocks, make airline reservations, access bank accounts, and to lookup any source of worldwide information on essentially any topic, which as time has pasted have resulted in fraud and identity theft....

Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro

â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans.... Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans....

Rise and Fall of Countrywide Home Loans, the Mortgage Crisis, and the Essay - 1

Rise and Fall of Countrywide Home Loans, the Mortgage Crisis, and the Default of the American Dream - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the absence of timely solutions yielded to untold stress and even depression among the citizens who resulted in diverse coping skills depending on one’s inclination. The current crises comprise mortgage recession and unemployment crises that have continued to persist despite the current regime’s recovery efforts (Johnson, 2010). Mortgage crisis that is evident currently, emanated from the Americans' enthusiasm coupled with greedy to own houses (Johnson, 2010). Since owning a house as a property is a pride towards the attainment of the glorified â€Å"American Dream† that has made numerous people in 2007 to be victims of the mortgage crisis. The then mortgage rates and even reimbursement installments where manageable, since banks aided willing borrowers in the project via offering low rates. This was easy cash meant for borrowers, who attained it from option-ARMs to qualify for mortgages with a title or no documentati on. In America, that time almost every person qualified for a mortgage even those having poor credit terms, for instance, subprime borrowers. Unfortunately, the rates and installments meant for the borrowers underwent unpredictable alterations due to the global economic meltdown. This prompted people having their installments paying lagging behind by even three months besides other loans. In addition, the issue of foreclosure crept in due to augmented rates, where over 50% of citizens were at the verge of being homeless (Johnson, 2010). Hence, contributing mutually to physical and psychological miseries result in diverse coping behaviors. Unemployment is an economic challenge, which America currently is undergoing coupled with meager earnings from the majority of its permanent jobs. Joblessness is an aspect that is contributing immensely to the dilapidation of numerous citizens’ health, which at some occasions when it extends beyond certain limits yields to chronic maladies ( Hunter & Gillen, 2009). For instance, mental and psychological related diseases that emanate from prolonged unemployment or even financial difficulties due to unsatisfying scanty wages. Studies depict; individuals who have experienced prolonged joblessness probably over 25 weeks are more likely to suffer from mental complications than those employed, despite the salary they attain. Statistics indicate that whites have the lowest percentage of joblessness of approximately as contrasted to other races; a reason that makes the most affected people being, not the original natives (Johnson, 2010). The study also encompasses those people from the marginalized races, who form the majority and at one time in their life thought that committing suicide was a better option. Recession currently has profoundly affected numerous American aspects that entail both private and public enterprises. Its gravity is due to its nature that it affects all the citizens despite they are either high or lower earners since it entails significantly slowing the economy of the state. Hence, result in the retrenching of employees due to scanty profits. For instance, foreign firms those have invested in America, once they realize that they are not making the anticipated profits. They decide to shrink the workforce, thus leaving numerous people jobless and experiencing harsh financial difficulties, which affect them psychologically due to stress or hopelessness.

Appraisal of foreign direct investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Appraisal of foreign direct investment - Essay Example A review of capital structure of FUSE plc has also been undertaken. Foreign direct investment implies transfer of capital, managerial, and technical assets by a multinational entity from the country where it is based to the country where investment is made. FDI may involve participation by the host country in equity capital, managerial control, and operational control. FDI decisions are complex issues as FDI projects are subjected to a variety of risk factors. For the case under study the FUSE plc has set up certain criterion for taking a decision for investment in a power generating project in Pajistan. The basic rule for investment decisions is that the internal rate of return on the project should be greater than the weighted marginal cost of the investment. The rule dictates that â€Å"accept projects up to the point at which the marginal return on an investment equals its weighted cost of capital. Beyond that point, its investment return will be less than its capital cost.† (Lawrence J. Gitman, page 519)i However, the investment criterio n of FUSE Plc for investment in emerging market like Pajistan is three fold as under: As per above criterion of investment, the computations of hurdle rate become imperative. Hurdle rate is the â€Å"minimum acceptable rate of return for a proposed project to merit investment. Usually, the hurdle rate is the opportunity cost of capital or the best return the company could get by investing the capital elsewhere. To be financially justifiable, a project’s internal rate of return must exceed the hurdle rate set by the firm for such project.†(Paul M. Swamidass, page 286)ii FUSE plc has set its hurdle rate for Pajistan project at 5% above the weighted cost of average capital to the company. Accordingly computations of WACC are important to devise the required hurdle rate. It is important to note that â€Å"cost of capital is the rate of return that a firm must earn on the projects, in which it invests to maintain the